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Events that left to the Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Occasions that left to the Civil War - Essay Example Most northerners had no issue with states rights. In any case, they accepted that bondage was to be managed by the United States government law so no state reserved the privilege to withdraw when it resulted in these present circumstances. This turned into a wellspring of contention between the north and south. Therefore, abolitionist bunches made up of individuals calling themselves abolitionists were framed. Thus individuals and particularly the minority bunches who were principally slaves learned new thoughts regarding human rights and opportunity. With the dread that the government of the United States would drive them to surrender bondage, southern lawmakers picked to adjust the quantity of free satisfies and slave states. 1Arnold brings up that â€Å"if the quantity of free states was equivalent to the quantity of slave states, there was political balance.† The quantity of states that permitted subjugation was in this manner eleven while eleven states restricted bondage. Until 1820, clash between the northern and southern states was stayed away from since the quantity of free and slave states had stayed equivalent. In any case, this equalization was upset by the extension of the United States west of waterway Mississippi. By 1820, numerous southerners had moved to the locale of Missouri, and taken their slaves with them regardless of the way that Missouri was topographically situated in the north. Around the same time Missouri turned into the principal state in the domain of Louisiana to apply for induction into the Union. Missouri had a large number of slaves at that point so it was given that it would apply for affirmation as a slave state. This would be that as it may, contort the harmony among free and slave states. Therefore, political pioneers needed to settle on understandings and bargains to keep the country together. The United States House of Representatives was constrained by the north and there was no chance it would permit servitude to grow in Missouri. To forestall the development of servitude, the House of Representatives passed a bill pointed and step by step taking out slaves in Missouri. As per the bill, no new slaves were to be brought into Missouri, and offspring of Missouri slaves, after arriving at the age of twenty five would be pronounced free. In spite of the fact that the House of Representatives passed this law, it was turned somewhere around the senate, which had equivalent portrayal of the north and the south. The issue with this bill was illuminated by Henry Clay, who proposed a trade off. To conciliate the south, 2Hazen calls attention to that â€Å"Clay proposed that Missouri be allowed to enter the Union as a slave state since that was what she previously was in reality.† To mollify the north, Clay recommended that subjection be banned for ever from the rest of the locales of Louisiana region. In the mean time, Maine which had additionally applied for induction into the Union would be c onceded as a free state. The arrangement would therefore keep up an equalization of twelve free and twelve slave states. After a long, severe and terrible discussion between the northern and southern congressmen, the Missouri Compromise was passed. Missouri was conceded into the association as a slave state while Maine was conceded as a free state and subjugation was prohibited in the northern piece of Louisiana domain. Thus, harmony between the north and the south was reestablished for a few additional decades. For a few decades’ harmony between the north and south was kept up by the Missouri Compromise. Be that as it may, in 1850, the issue of subjugation and its development surfaced once more. In 1848, Gold

Hiatus Reading THE GOOD PLACE

Hiatus Reading THE GOOD PLACE Goodbye to  The Good Place  For Now The deeper we get into this hiatus from  The Good Place,  the more I miss the shows flawless philosophy education and mailman sex fantasies. Rest assured it will be back for a season four, but its break is always too long. Imagining what the characters might be reading in their endless days gives me some brief joy between seasons. If they do take a break from philosophy lab experiments, I have some fun fiction recommendations for the Brainy Bunch/Soul Squad. There will be mild spoilers for dialogue ahead because it is too hard to talk about this show and not quote its hilarious lines. Eleanor Shellstrop I know her favorite book is Kylie Jenner’s Instagram feed, but I think Eleanor would love to dive into We Are Never Meeting in Real Life by Samantha Irby. Her biting and hilarious series of essays take on growing up, disastrous dates, and the Bachelorette. Eleanor and Samantha could share an Arizona rosé and make fun of the suburbs until the end of time. Chidi Anagonye In the eternity of the afterlife, Chidi might have a chance to read a book that was not philosophy. He would probably love diving into Sudden Death by Álvaro Enrigue. The insane mash of historical figures watching a tennis match between Carvaggio and Francisco de Quevedo. Enrigue includes himself in the Dante Aligheri-esque wandering through the history of the world. It also pokes a bit of fun at philosophers, and Chidi can definitely get down with absurdist humor in the “Jeremy Bearimy” timeline. Tahani Al-Jamil Light spoilerâ€"Tahani mentioned being “mad horny” in the fourth episode of season three (The Snowplow) of The Good Place, and I think she needs some fun reading to bring together that fact and her love of royal life. Obviously, A Duke by Default by Alyssa Cole is the answer. Socialite Portia Hobbs has to employ her amazing posh skills to makeover the scruffy newly discovered duke, Tavish McKenzie. Tahani probably had to do the same thing for Prince Harry. Jason Mendoza Jason is one of those character on a Michael Schur show who is secretly brilliant. His winding breakdance crew stories always give us some kernels of moral and ethical clarity. Jason would love the upcoming short story collection Mars by Asja Bakic, translated by Jennifer Zoble. The short stories flit between realism and science fiction, and they fit Jason’s joyful “this might as well happen” approach to life. Janet Our favorite not-a-girl has gotten quite the crash course in human life and emotions. As she said, most of human life is just waiting for things to be over. If Janet wants an example of how a human can do some good with that waiting, she should dive into Becoming by Michelle Obama. Do I need to recommend this book to Janet, when she holds all earthly knowledge, and therefore all the glowing reviews and loving tweets? Probably not, but she’d appreciate it anyway. Theres a ton of Michelle Obama knowledge Janet needs to experience firsthand. Michael Our favorite demon-turned-soul-saver Michael went through multiple big changes this season and the last, and he could find some resonance with his own existential crises in They Both Die at the End by Adam Silvera. Confronting their End Day by finding each other on Last Friend, Mateo and Rufus deal with their ends in distinct and touching ways.  It’s a beautiful story about fear, acceptance, and friendship. Michael might continue to have panic attacks about all of the things swirling around his afterlife, but hopefully Silvera could give him some comfort about the importance of connections between friends. Gen Omnipotent but impartial judge Gen (short for Hydrogen) learns as little as possible about human affairs. But she cheats once in a while. To pass the time between cases, she could pick up Ella Enchanted  by Gail Carson Levine. If all of this Good Place/Bad Place point counting and totaling is based on human free will, she should consider this famous story about how you can move in the world when youve been stripped of that decision making power. Shawn After torturing William Shakespeare with an explanation of the plot of Entourage, basic demon Shawn would enjoy reading Dark Money by Jane Meyer. The insanity of the billionaires stripping the earth of resources, and its citizens of rights, is just as good as anything that The Bad Place could come up with. More Diverse Philosophy One of the best things about The Good Place is that it  is always bursting with philosophical reading recommendations. Since philosophy can be kind of a white male dominated field, exploring other academic fields and literary genres could help them diversify the book recommendations. I hope the next season brings more laughs, meditations on the nature of humanity, and thoughtful books into the mix. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Illegal Immigrants In America Have Contributed Massively

Illegal immigrants in America have contributed massively to the Economy and researchers have facts and evidence to back up their finding. For the most part many people are not educated enough about the concept illegal immigrants or don’t bother to look for the fact about illegal immigrants. Their contribution to the economy is very productive, according to the institute on taxation and economy: Collectively, undocumented immigrants in the United States pay an estimated total of $11.74 billion in state and local taxes a year (see Table 1 for state-by-state estimates). This includes more than $7 billion in sales and excise taxes, $3.6 billion in property taxes, and $1.1 billion in personal income taxes (Christensen, Gardner, Hill, Wiehe). As†¦show more content†¦Many people think Undocumented immigrants are taking native America jobs, but in reality, illegal immigrants simply work in industries that Americans refuse to work. In Texas immigrants are working in farming th at help not only the state but the country. According to Pew: a study issued by the National Bureau of Economic Research, loss of that segment of the labor force would cost the U.S. economy $5 trillion over a decade. Illegal immigrants provide $500 billion in output a year (The Morning Call). The cost of produce in general would rise because of a lack of farm workers. It is also proven that restaurants and manufacturing industries would also take a big hit, the shortage of worker would definitively close many business. More fact about the importance of undocumented immigrants. According to a to report by the social security Administration, unauthorized workers often use fake social security end paid 13 billion into trust fund in 2010 and only received 1 billion in retirement (The Morning Call). Many sees undocumented immigrants as criminals and spur discrimination and deportation against them. Knowing that for the most part people end up stay here in the US illegal because of problem they are facing in their native countries. In 2014, about 69,000 kids from El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala take a long journey from their countries flying violence. They run away from their countries because of the fear of theShow MoreRelatedOfw Remittances- an Economic Booster10937 Words   |  44 Pagesacross the World. The World stands as a globalised village. Many people go aboard for better education or for a better lifestyle. Through Remittance they do not need to worry about their loved ones at home anymore. Remittance transfers have existed for centuries, but have only garnered the attention of people in the last couple of decades. Remittance Transfer could either be domestic or could be International. If the money is remitted within the same country then it is said to be Domestic. It is believedRead MoreModern History.Hsc.2012 Essay25799 Words   |  104 PagesUnited States originally pursued a policy of non-intervention, avoiding conflict while trying to broker a peace. - When a German U-boat sank the British liner Lusitania in 1915, with 128 Americans aboard, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson vowed, America is too proud to fight and demanded an end to attacks on passenger ships. Germany complied. - Wilson unsuccessfully tried to mediate a settlement. He repeatedly warned the U.S. would not tolerate unrestricted submarine warfare, in violation ofRead MoreWal-mart case analysis. This paper includes SWOT/TOWS analysis, PEST analysis, environemental scan and strategic analysis.5493 Words   |  22 Pagesrepair, refund or exchange Policy. II. CASE ISSUES Company Image (CI#1): Wal-Mart has been the subject of more than 24 complaints to the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) since November 2001. The accusations involve sex discrimination, illegal immigrant and anti-union activities. Will the company be able to sustain a good brand image? Mature Industry (CI#2): Saturation in the US market was mainly due to the fact that Wal-Mart already served the most desirable areas of the market with 2000 plusRead MoreUK - Analysis Report31935 Words   |  128 Pagesinvolvement of the UK in the war on terror in Afghanistan and Iraq seems to have had some negative consequences. The threat of terrorism is being taken more seriously than before. The July 7, 2005 bombings in London brought the capital to a standstill. The public threats issued by various Islamic fundamentalist groups such as al-Qaeda are a clear indication of the constant danger that they pose. Foiled terrorist attacks have also served to put the government and the public on edge. In March 2010, the

Analysis on Burger King Worldwide Inc Essay - 1299 Words

Analysis on Burger King Worldwide Inc. (BKW) Burger King (BKW) is the second largest fast food hamburger chain in the world which was founded in 1954; it operates in over 12,600 locations serving over 11 million customers daily in 83 countries and territories worldwide. About 95 percent of Burger King Restaurants are owned and operated by independent franchisees, many of them family-owned operations that have been in business for decades. This company became a publically traded company in this year June 20 2012. Therefore, only current year data will be presented in this report. Price-Earnings ratio In general, a high Price Earnings Ratio recommends that investors expect higher earnings growth in the future relative to companies†¦show more content†¦The return on Equity measures the amount of profit that a company generates through the use of shareholders’ equity. The table below shows ROE of the company that 7.06 percent which is relatively lower than average ROE in the sector. Hence, weak ability to generate cash flows internally. Moreover, ROA is low; it implies that the company is carrying high debt amount. Return on Invested Capital ratio is similar to the return on equity calculation; however, it includes long term debt as part of the leverage. As we see ROIC is greater than weighted average cost of capital (WACC), which are 5.0 percent, and 4.20 percent respectively. Thus, the company will be raising shareholders’ value. A profit margin is also useful when comparing companies in similar sectors. A higher profit margins reflect a more profitable com pany which has control over its costs compared to its competitors. According to the graphs below, net profit margin is 3.77 percent which means the company has a net income of $0.0377 for each dollar of sales. Comparing with average net profit margin, BKW has 3.43% lower than average competitors sectors. Therefore, the BKW has relatively low ROA, ROE, and Profit Margins. However, the company has higher ROIC than WACC. Probably, the company spent lots of maintenance cost to maintain the corporation. It is new to stock market; it might have potential to become a larger corporation. Regression model for BKW The usefulShow MoreRelatedBurger King : The Financial Analysis1016 Words   |  5 Pages McDonald’s V.s. Burger King: The Financial Analysis Paige Pruitt Florida Southwestern State College â€Æ' Abstract: Finances were examined in affective processing, in the context of figuring out who should the people invest in to get there profitable outcome. Both MCD and QSR are going to have their differences in what they each bring to the table, however, reviewing the cash flow, income statement and financial activities, this narrative research paper is going to explain what is going to haveRead MoreCompany Analysis On Burger King1549 Words   |  7 PagesName: M1 Consulting Inc. Name: Debashis Mondal Instructor Name: Jay Fisher Date: 02/10/2014 Assignment: Company Analysis on â€Å"Burger King† Introduction: Burger King is a worldwide American chain of fast food restaurants, starting from Miami, Florida. The organization was established in 1953 by David Edgerton and James Mclamore and as of now works in excess of 13,000 outlets in 79 nations. The organization menu has transitioned from their customary burger, fries and pop to a moreRead MoreCompetitor And Financial Analysis : Burger King Essay964 Words   |  4 Pages Financial Analysis Burger King has similar strengths and weaknesses as McDonald’s, but where Burger King falls short is in its â€Å"concentrated operations in terms of geographic presence and dependence on selected distributors† (Burger King Worldwide 4). McDonald’s has a much larger operation that is not dependent upon a smaller chain of distributors like Burger King. Burger King is also threatened by the â€Å"competition from well-established foodservice companies† (Burger King Worldwide 4) like McDonaldsRead MoreBurger King: Promoting a Food Fight1464 Words   |  6 PagesBACKGROUND Burger King History and success is a proof of excellent franchising and advertising strategies. The company starts in 1954 thanks to James McLamore and David Edgerton that have the idea of a fast-food store with always low prices. First in Miami, then this two entrepreneurial guys realize that advertising was the way to expand its business beyond Florida, with its first commercial on TV in 1958, when the television was in excellent popularity. With the product known by almost everyoneRead MoreMcdonalds Corporation Case Analysis1634 Words   |  7 PagesMcDonald’s Corporation Case Analysis Name left out BUSN 412 Business Policy July 27, 2008 CASE ANALYSIS MCDONALD’S CORPORATION COMPANY NAME: McDonald’s Corporation INDUSTRY: Fast Food COMPANY WEB SITE: http://www.McDonald’s.com/corp.html COMPANY BACKGROUND: The first McDonalds was built in 1940 by the brothers Dick and Mac McDonald. In 1954 Ray Kroc became the first franchisee appointed by Mac and Dick McDonald in San Bernardino, California. The following year, 1955, Kroc opened hisRead MoreFinancial Overview - Mcdonalds Case Study2100 Words   |  9 PagesFinancial Analysis of the McDonald’s Corporation MCD, NYSE (New York Stock Exchange) One McDonalds Plaza, Oak Brook, IL 60523 Map +1-630-6233000 (Phone) +1-630-6235700 (Fax) Abstract McDonald’s is the most famous and well-known fast-food company in the world. This case study examines McDonald’s from a financial standpoint. 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Operation management tma worksheet Free Essays

Second, Hazelwood has made investments in plant; they build a manufacture in London with 1 million productions of sandwiches per week but when they invest more by building Manton Wood they produce more by 3 million sandwiches. Also with new powerful machines, they could reduce the human resources costs because fewer tasks need to be done . Also the stock levels will be reduced so that this will be successful for the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Operation management tma worksheet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Third reasons lead Hazelwood Sandwiches to make investments in the product that customers are looking for quality, different types of Sandwich to compare it when they are abroad, So Hazelwood try to provide a high quality, healthy and delicious sandwiches in order to meet the customer demand. In addition providing different types of sandwiches to satisfy all types of tastes and modify old items or create new ones. Over all, there are many other reasons that lead Hazelwood to made capital investment . ln fact they are trying to gain competitive advantage to maximize the wealth of owners. They use different techniques to evaluate the investment opportunities, and then choose the best project. Moreover, Hazelwood maintain a brand name because of its sandwiches, Actually every company should investment in people, product and plant. Question 2 Hazelwood’s investment decision techniques Investment decisions are important for the growth of the business because an investment includes financial resources for purchasing assets such building or equipment’s which will bring economic benefit for the company. Those decisions are difficult and expensive to refuse once it has been ventured. Actually Hazelwood’s uses various capital investment appraisal techniques to measure which project is more profitable. First method is Payback period which is the length of time that the investment takes to pay back the net cash inflows form the project. Projects will be selected according to the period the business sets and the shorter ones are preferred. The advantages of this method that it’s easy and quick to calculate or understood by users, avoiding risks and its good for the startup business to calculate the time needed to prepay the original investment. The disadvantages are that it onsiders about the time not the value of money, the relevant information such as the cash flows beyond the payback period are ignored and it doesn’t consider maximizing the wealth of owners because it looks for the short project periods while longer beneficial project might be ignored. The second is Net Present Value includes all the money of an investment; It calculates the benefits from the investment against all the costs of this investment with allowance for the timing of them. The rule is to choose the project with the higher value and the positive ones not the negative ones. For its advantages, it considers about the objects of the business, maximizing the profits, it takes all the relevant cash flows in account and the timing of cash flow. For the disadvantages, there are some risks for example a machine doesn’t works, or that interests may lost in investment, also the problems of inflation which consider the loss in the purchasing power of money. The third is the Accounting Rate of Return which calculates the average operating profits over the average investment to earn those profits in the form of percentage. It’s about achieving the target with higher ARR projects. The advantages that it represents a percentage and it consider the performance before it has performed. The disadvantages about using the accounting profits to measure the performance over the life of product, also different sizes of investments competing and using of average investment cause problems. Over all, those are the three investment decision techniques that Hazelwood uses in evaluation the investment opportunities. Each method ranks projects according to some compared features. With those techniques the most profitable project will be chosen. Question 3 Invest in people Investing in workforces is the lifeblood for any business, actually it’s important to make investments in human resources because they are the main role of the business and attects it pertormance. Also well trained and experienced employees give advantage for the company because they are the workforce that a control the process in which the business operates. So the company should ensure that their employees are well trained, motivated and loyalty to their Jobs. Additionally maintain the satisfaction of the employee will raise the employee performance and focus to achieve the business objectives. Also this will improves their skills in doing the tasks. On one hand, Hazelwood provides flexible working environment: include the induction program which introduced the new employee to the organization and to its role, also programs that make the new employees feel they are a part of the team. Second, Family-friendly HR practices to understand the employee’s circumstances such as the working hours for the mothers to look for their families and offers a paid time off for pregnant women’s. Third, providing training and development opportunities which will enhance the commitment and improve the skills in doing the asks as fast as possible, also opportunities to take National Vocational Qualifications relevant to the food industry. Hazelwood try to provide facilities in the Job environment by providing gyms, hair dressers, shops, restaurants and cleaning services. In addition, the employee’s expectations about the nature of work should be met. On the other hand, Hazelwood plain and monitor the performance of its employees to give them reward packages for their high performance. With those methods Hazelwood achieved to be the employee’s brand that it’s the choice of the employees because they know how to take care of their employees offer them good ay packages. As a result, Hazelwood decreases the labour turnover and reduces the levels of absenteeism also the costs of recruitment. Beside of Hazelwood there are other companies that invest in people in such as the National Bank of Kuwait; they believe that investing in people will benefit them in future. Actually 1800 Kuwaitis has been trained in 2012 and it will always provide training and developments opportunities to encourage their employees. Also ZAIN Company provides programs of training such as ongoing coaching, sending employees outside to complete their high education and induction. Last but not least T;D Team provides training and developments for the employees in order to improved their skills, performance and knowledge. Question 4 Workforce greatest assets For all businesses workforces are the role assets; In fact they are the people who achieve the company objectives. They should be looking after them starting from the managers, suppliers, employers, employee and all of them. Actually investing in people adds value to the organization especially for innovation companies such as Google because they rely on the experience of their human resources rather than nything else. The importance of workforces has different points of view. First the HRM function perspective which considers about managing people and carrying out their activities. It’s responsible for ensuring that the people are in their right places with right skills by recruiting, selecting, developing and monitoring. HR believes that people performance affects the business performance so they provide training and development opportunities to maximize their performance. Also monitor the performance to ensure that they are on the right track and provides them with feedback. Moreover they provide reward systems to encourage them to achieve their targets and make sure that they are satisfied, motivated, appreciated and loyal to their Jobs. Moreover, this will build the organization’s reputation as a social, ethical and responsible organization in order to gain a competitive advantage. Second the accounting function which considers about the financial accepts of the business. To achieve the HR function activities, the business should be able to afford the costs associated with those activities. Here the workforces are important because they guarantee bringing money to the business. But before going a step the business should think of the investment returns and risks. As if sending an employee to take English courses, how much of benefits this will bring in the future benefits. Moreover developing the skills of employees will raise the production levels as they have experience, finish the tasks on time and do it perfectly . So they will be able to develop or create new products or advanced technology. Also maintaining a positive reputation that will help them to raise money in the market and the financial advisors will advise the investors to invest in the business. Additionally, the company will gain a brand name which will decrease the costs of recruitment and advertising. How to cite Operation management tma worksheet, Papers

Titus Andronicus †A monologue from the play by William Shakespeare Essay Paper Example For Students

Titus Andronicus – A monologue from the play by William Shakespeare Essay Paper A monologue from the play by William Shakespeare TAMORA: Have I not reason, think you, to look pale?These two have ticed me hither to this place,A barren detested vale you see it is;The trees, though summer, yet forlorn and lean,Overcome with moss and baleful mistletoe.Here never shines the sun; here nothing breeds,Unless the nightly owl or fatal raven:And when they showed me this abhorred pit,They told me, here, at dead time of the night,A thousand fiends, a thousand hissing snakes,Ten thousand swelling toads, as many urchins,Would make such fearful and confused criesAs any mortal body hearing itShould straight fall mad, or else die suddenly.No sooner had they told this hellish taleBut straight they told me they would bind me hereUnto the body of a dismal yewAnd leave me to this miserable death.And then they called me foul adulteress,Lascivious Goth, and all the bitterest termsThat ever ear did hear to such effect;And had you not by wondrous fortune come,This vengeance on me had they executed.Revenge it, as you love your mothers l ife,Or be ye not henceforth called my children. We will write a custom essay on Titus Andronicus – A monologue from the play by William Shakespeare Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Free Essays on Wordsworths Nature

worth’s word ch... Free Essays on Wordsworths Nature Free Essays on Wordsworths Nature Wordsworth’s Nature In most of Wordsworth’s poetry he seemed to try and make the reader aware of their environment, of their dependence on it for health, sanity and ultimate happiness. He wanted to nature to confirm that love, joy and beauty were not just fragile human values but cosmic absolutes. Often Wordsworth used unique methods of sensory perception as well as combining the physical world with nature on a more personal, subjective level. Much of his poems use these and other techniques to display the possibility of living contently, looking within nature for inspiration and fulfillment. Wordsworth’s poem Animal Tranquility and Decay, which he wrote in 1798, merely twenty-eight years into his existence, displays his early realization of such perceptions. This poem uses a oblivious man walking as a subject to demonstrate the possibility of absolute happiness outside of physical pain. Animal Tranquility and Decay represents a connection between nature, as the physical world, a nd how we live (or the subject of the poem in this case) as a result of it. Wordsworth begins the poem with an simple image. A useful technique to introduce the physical setting of the poem. The little hedgerow birds, That peck along the roads, regard him not. He travels on, and in his face, his step, His gait, is one expression: every limb, The image of this man walking and the birds not paying him any mind, not caring about his presence, is very effective in beginning to create the character’s personality. This is not unlikely for Wordsworth to develop the personality of the characters in his poems with a minimal amount of words and although it is not always possible to decipher whether or not this is intentional, it is none the less effective in turning the poem into something more personal for the reader. Even Wordsworth’s word ch...

Learn a Computer Programming Language Online for Free

Learn a Computer Programming Language Online for Free Many new graduates find frustration in today’s job market as employers increasingly focus on hiring employees with concrete skills rather than diplomas alone. Even those looking to work in non-computer related fields will often find that regardless of major, graduates now need coding skills and many employers give priority to applicants with some knowledge of HTML or Javascript. Learning a programming language is an excellent way to improve your resume and make yourself more marketable. Those with access to a computer can learn a programming language online without paying to attend a university course. Learning to program at a beginner level can be surprisingly intuitive and a great introduction to a career in  technology. Regardless of age or level of familiarity with computers, there is a way for you to study and learn online. e-Books From Universities and More For the last few decades, books have been used as one of the primary means of learning to program. There are many books available for free, often in digital versions online. One popular series is called  Learn Code the Hard Way and uses a code immersion strategy that allows students to perform code work first, and then explains what happened. Contrary to the name, this approach is very effective at reducing the difficulty of explaining programming concepts to novice coders. For those looking to get started with the basics of programming rather than focusing on a specific language, MIT offers a free text called  Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs. This text is offered alongside free assignments and course instruction to allow a student to learn to use Scheme to understand many important computer science principles. Online Tutorials Interactive tutorials are a smart choice for those with a tight schedule that want to steadily improve with a few minutes time a day rather than setting aside a large block of time all at once. A great example of an interactive tutorial for learning programming is Hackety Hack, which provides an easy way to learn the basics of programming using the Ruby language. Those looking for a different language prefer starting with an easier language like Javascript or Python. Javascript is often considered an essential language for anyone looking to work with web pages and can be explored using the interactive tool provided on  CodeAcademy. Python is well regarded as a simple-to-learn language of great use to those who need to develop more complex systems than Javascript allows for. LearnPython is a good interactive tool for those who want to start programming in Python. Free, Interactive Online Programming Courses In contrast to the single-serving format provided by interactive tutorials, many people prefer to learn in  Massively Open Online Courses  - a format similar to those provided at universities. Many courses have been put online to offer interactive methods to take a full course on programming. The website Coursera provides content from 16 different universities and has been used by more than one million â€Å"Courserians.† One of the participating schools is Stanford University, which provides excellent courses on such topics as algorithms, cryptography, and logic. Harvard, UC Berkeley, and MIT have teamed up to offer a large number of courses on the edX website. With courses like software as a service (SAS) and Artificial Intelligence, the edX system is an excellent source of modern instruction on fairly new technologies. Udacity is a smaller and more basic provider of interactive courseware, with instruction on such topics as building a blog, testing software, and building a search engine. In addition to providing online courses, Udacity also hosts meetups in 346 cities around the world for those that benefit from in-person interactions as well. Static Programming OpenCourseWare Interactive courses are sometimes too advanced for those who need lots of time or are unfamiliar with technology. For those in such a situation, another alternative is to try static OpenCourseWare materials such as those provided by MIT’s Open Courseware, Stanford’s Engineering Everywhere or many other programs. Learn More Whatever your method of learning, once you have identified your schedule and what fits your study style, you will be surprised at how quickly you can pick up a new skill and make yourself more marketable. Updated/edited by Terri Williams

Roman Civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Roman Civilization - Essay Example During the rule of Augustus, Rome experienced prosperity and peace and it is regarded as the golden age. Rome had an autocratic form of government and Augustus ruled Rome for around 40 years. Rome had a civilization which has set an example for other countries. The civic life, religious principles, culture and norms, economic ties everything was worth praising. The Rome had a superior infrastructure and the building and transportation was of high quality. Roman Empire was the largest in the world history and covered much of the world’s regions from Europe and Africa to Middle East. Even the population of the Empire was largest and was around 60 million inhabitants. The military and army of Rome was superior and many battles have been won by them. Roman had laws which were based on morality and justice. Rome had multi -cultural society and believed in shared identity. For the very same reasons, Roman civilization has had a great impact on the modern world. Impact on Law and Political System The major influence of Roman civilization on modern world was the Roman law. The Roman law distinguished between public law and private law which we can see in the modern law constitution. This is the basis of Western law and is known as civil law. Also the private international law is also influenced by the Roman law. In Roman civilization, they practiced jury trials, same as today’s’ practice. The Roman can also be credited with many defense techniques practiced by the modern people. The concept of â€Å"innocent until proven guilty â€Å"which is the basic rule of American Judiciary system came from ancient Rome law. The written law to protect the human rights and freedom was also a system followed by Roman people. The law regarding taxation is also taken from Roman civilization. According to Roman law, people were to be treated equal and fairly. Their laws were based on common sense and practicality. Most of the legal system in the world is following Roman practic e of law. Roman has also influenced the way in which the political system works today. The voting system which we followed today is the legacy of Roman people. Even they had lower and upper class senate like we do. They had legislative bodies and senate just like modern political system. The Impact on Language The language of Roman civilization was Latin and they depended little on order of words. The Roman alphabets were formed with Greek alphabet as a basis. The Roman people mostly studied literature that was in Greek. As the Roman Empire grew, so did their language spread to different parts of the world,With some time the classic Latin took a form of Vulgar Latin in some parts of the world which gave birth to different Romance language. So it can de definitely said that Indo European languages evolved from Latin, which is the language of ancient Roman civilization. Later, Latin language gain prominence in Western empire and became the foundation of French, Italian, Portuguese, Sp anish and Romanian languages. Even though, they all started as bad Latin as time passed by these established themselves as different languages. Latin language also had influenced many words used in other different countries. For Example, English has many Latin words although it does not follow Latin syntax- grammar. Since Latin was the language of Roman Catholic Church it influenced even the non –romance languages. The Impact on Infrastructure The Roman civilization

Female Genital Mutilation in Africa Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Female Genital Mutilation in Africa - Article Example By definition a rite of passage is "a ritual associated with a crisis or a change of status (as marriage, illness, or death) for an individual" (Agnes, 1990, p. 1018). Although the excisions do not occur because of a crisis, they do, in fact, occur in preparation of a change of status, as in marriage, and the woman or young girl often takes on new roles after the operation is performed. Those operations that are performed on infants cannot by definition be considered a rite of passage since the change in status is not in the near future. Thus, FGM can be considered a rite of passage when it is performed in preparation for the new roles the girl will assume in her future marriage. Indeed, the ritualistic components of FGM are evidenced by the preparations that are made for the operation. Girls are often given new jewellery, clothing, and gifts as part of the operation. In some cases, a great feast will occur in celebration of the operation. From the definition, it can be concluded tha t FGM qualifies as a ritual. Another reason often cited for FGM is that it is a fertility rite. Saadwai (2002) comments that if FGM were intended to be a fertility rite, the excision would be partial and symbolic: However, in the Sudan, after the girls are circumcised, they are then washed in the Nile as a fertility offering to the god of the Nile. There certainly are many aspects of FGM that make the connection with fertility rites a plausible one (Lowenstein, 1978; Salama, 1980; Saadawi, 2002). Sociologists and anthropologists have tended towards concurrence with the perception of FGM as a traditional ritual and rite of passage. Campbell (2006), most noted for his work on male circumcision, maintains that FGM is a direct offshoot of male circumcision rites among the ancient totemistic hunting groups. In these societies, there is an abundance of large game which led to the development of the art of hunting. Emphasis in the social structure was placed on the men as they were the providers. Wile the rite of circumcision in these societies reflected "a bias in favour of the males and therewith an emphasis on the sexual aspect of the rites and particularly on circumcision," female circumcision evolved in complementarily to the male fertility dimension of this practice. (Campell, 2006, 320). Some sociologists have argued an alternative theory, suggesting that FGM is an outcome of the desire of some primitive societies to control female sexuality and, thereby, ensure the paternity of children (Morris, 2003). This argument is inextricably linked to the mother's premarital chastity and fidelity during marriage, not the father's per se. This line of thinking can be taken to its logical conclusion: perform a physical operation to keep the woman from having sexual relations outside of marriage. This will be viewed as necessary for societies that see the constraint of female sexuality as the necessary condition for continued propagation of the human race (Sanderson, 2001; Morris,

The Trebuchet :: Physics Trebuchet History Papers

The Trebuchet The roots of the machine go back to at least the fifth century B.C. in China. In its most primitive form, it consisted of a pivoted beam with a sling at one end and ropes at the other. A stone would be placed in the sling and a team of men would haul the ropes, swinging the beam up into the air†1. â€Å"The trebuchet reached the Mediterranean by the sixth century C.E. It displaced other forms of artillery and held its own until well after the coming of gunpowder. The trebuchet was instrumental in the rapid expansion of both the Islamic and the Mongol empires. It also played a part in the transmission of the Black Death, the epidemic of plague that swept Eurasia and the North Africa during the 14th century. Along the way it seems to have influenced both the development of clockwork and the theoretical analyzes of motion†2. We will now look at the physics of a trebuchet. â€Å"The trebuchet uses many different physics applications, we will look at a few of them. Basically a trebuchet is a fulcrum. First the energy of conservation. The setting of the trebuchet before firing is shown in Fig 1. A heavy counterweight of mass (M) (contained in a large bucket) on the end of the short arm of a sturdy beam was raised to some height while a smaller mass (m) (the projectile), was positioned on the end of the longer arm near or on the ground. In practice the projectile was usually placed in a leather sling attached to the end of the longer arm. However for simplicity, we shall ignore the sling and compensate for this omission by increasing the assumed length of the beam on the projectile’s side. The counterweight was then allowed to fall so that the longer arm swung upward, the sling following, and the projectile was ultimately thrown from its container at some point near the top of the arc. The far end of the sling was attached to the arm by a rope in such a way that the release occurred at a launching angle near the optimum value ( most likely by repeated trials) for the launch height. The launching position is shown in fig.2 where we have assumed that the projectile is released at the moment the entire beam is vertical. In the figures: (a)=height of the pivot, (b)= length of the short arm, (c)= length of the long arm, while (v) and (V) are the velocities of (m) and (M), respectively, at the moment of launching.

How important was Berlin to the development and outbreak of the Cold War, 1945-1961?

The first period of time we need to look at is the year of 1945, when the Second World War ended. This was also the year when the Yalta, in February 1945, and the Potsdam Conference, in July 1945, was hold in order to discuss certain problems and plans that occurred or should have been done after the end of war. The tensions, which had lead to the beginning of the Cold War started to emerge more intensively at those two conferences, as there were many areas of disagreement between the USA and the USSR. One of the four main areas of disagreement was Germany. As the Yalta Conference was hold in February 1945 the war against Germany and Japan was still on going but an end of all terror was close. Problems that had emerged from the Tehran Conference, that had been hold in 1943, had to be resolved at that conference. It was agreed that that Germany firstly had to be divided into four zones being occupied by Britain, France, the USA and the USSR. Germany should also pay reparations to the countries it had damaged in the wart earlier, especially huge amounts to Russia as Stalin demanded. However, Stalin also did not like the idea of splitting Germany into two parts.Could Cold War Have Been Avoided? Germany, by paying huge amounts of money to Russia and other countries, should be weakened by that so I would not become a future threat anymore. Also Stalin intended to finance Russia’s rebuild of the destructions, which it has suffered from Nazi Germany in the war. In the year 1952 Stalin still seemed to favour the idea of a united Germany over which the USSR had no control but some influence. However, there were also other factors of disagreement at those conferences, which caused massive problems in the relationship between the USA and the USSR. Poland for example proved to be more difficult than Germany. Eventually, the superpowers agreed that the USSR’s demands over Poland’s border in the east would be met. Furthermore Poland should receive territorial compensation from Germany. Additionally Stalin did believe that the Allies would have accepted Poland’s mainly communist or USSR sympathetic government. However, Churchill was not sure about what Stalin intended to do and returned to his strong anti-communism by 1945. Adding to that also Roosevelt shared this point of view. After Roosevelt’s death in April 1945 a new harsher era towards the Soviet Union started to emerge under Truman in power of the USA. As the free elections, which had been decided to be carried out in the Yalta Conference, had not taken place in Poland yet Truman refused to listen to Molotov’s explanations for that. US suspicions about Soviet motives about a security in Eastern Europe increased. However, at the Potsdam Conference hold in July 1945 the decision for the acceptance of Russian plans for Poland was made although the issue of Poland was very complex. Stalin saw it as an issue influencing the life or the death of the Soviet Union. Churchill however saw it as an act of honour. Roosevelt had always been against the idea of a Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe. In Stalin’s point of view however Russia needed this sphere to provide security for the Soviet Union. He created worries about such a sphere, as the new US call for an â€Å"Open Door† policy was introduced, involving the suggestion of not having such spheres of influence. Roosevelt however suggested that those disagreement should be an issue rather as the war would be ended that during the war. This of course motivated or rather gave Stalin the time to ensure Soviet security interests in Eastern Europe. Apart from disagreements about Poland and Eastern Europe there was also a third issue where the USA and the USSR did not agree with each other. Russia had suffered hugely from horrible destruction in the Second World War. As the Axis forces had retreated between 1944 and 1945, they have left systematic destruction behind, destroying 1,700 towns and 17,000 villages. Due to that Stalin saw economic reconstruction as a priority after the war. However, Truman tried everything to contain the Soviet power whenever it was possible. Due to that, at the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, Truman said that the USA would agree to any reparations being paid to Russia by East Germany. However, in return Russia would have to send 60% of the, from West received, goods in form of goods and raw materials back to the West again. In 1944 Russia however agreed to join the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. But when the USSR asked for a 6 billion dollar loan in January 1945, the USA said she would only agree if the Soviet Union would open its Eastern markets to the US capital. Obviously Russia did not accept these conditions. But at the Yalta Conference it was agreed from both sides that a 10 billion dollar loan from Germany would be accepted as a beginning of the reparations. However, as in August 1945 a request for a 1,000 billion dollar loan was ignored by the US side, the USSR increased reparation payments from it own Eastern sector. A final point of disagreements or rather arguments was the drop of the A-bomb of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 by the USA. This was a slap in the face of the USSR, as at the Yalta Conference it was agreed that Russia and the USA would end the war with Japan together. It was also seen as a refusal to share new US technology with the USSR. Truman did decide that, in order to prevent any Russian communist influence in Asia. Stalin interpreted that behaviour as demonstration of a strong USA next to a weak USSR. Looking at those different factors overall you can say that the most significant problem in the year of 1945 was the dropping of the A-bomb on Nagasaki and Hiroshima in August 1945. Both the USA and the USSR had shown each other before that they would not work together in certain situations. However, as the USA and the USSR had agreed to finish the war with Japan together after Germany would have been defeated but the USA literally ended that issue on its own it clearly amplified the fact of not wanting to work together. Also it showed that there was a sort of competition going on already and that Truman wanted to prevent any Soviet demands for influence in Asia. He wanted, as far as possible, to contain Soviet power and reduce the Soviet sphere. Secondly we need to look at the time period between the years of 1946 and 1949, which were the years just after the world war when everything was recovering and Germany was split up into different zones. By looking at the end of 1945, we can definitely say, that there were great disputes between the USA and USSR already. The West was also concerned about developments in the Middle East and the eastern Mediterranean, where the US had significant interests. Iran was mainly an area of US concern, as the USSR was feared to spread its influence there. The USSR also replied with saying that they had as much right as the USA to oil. Immediately the Iranian prime minister was urged by the American side, which forced Stalin to back down in order to get a deal of oil concessions. However, Stalin was never really interested in that area which again shows that the competition and tensions were going on and each side tried to use any chance for an argument or a disagreement. The same situation of the Soviet leader backing down happened in the spring and summer of 1946, when concessions from Turkey were opposed and the Russian leader once again backed down. However, the most significant problems of that time period took place in Europe. To start with, we look at Germany and the problem of reparations. Both sides feared during the cold war the country would become part of the opposite camp. At the Potsdam Conference it was agreed that Germany should be divided into four Allied zones and it should act, as one economic unit administered by the ACC. Berlin should also be divvied into four zones and Germany should be demilitarised, de-Nazified, democratised, decentralised and de-industrialised. During there were agreements on that issue, the issue of reparations still seemed to cause problems. Tensions over the political developments in the Soviet Union started to emerge early. The main area was economic, as the USSR supported the idea of a rather agricultural country but the US demanded an industrialised Germany. At the Paris meeting of the Council of foreign ministers, Byrnes decided to test the Soviet co-operation over the Potsdam agreements by the four allies proposing an act that demilitarised Germany for the next 25 years. Russia agreed but still the USA refused to talk about the question of reparations. Further refusals of reparations from the US side were given in July 1945, when Molotov insisted for a 10 billion dollar loan. Additionally demands for reparations were refused again at the Council of Foreign Ministers meeting in Moscow. Furthermore Russia had to accept that there would not be shipping of coal and steel to the USSR anymore and that the USSR would have to give back some of the resources it already received by the West. This proposal however was rejected by the USSR. The Soviet Union saw that as an attempt to build up the Western Germany economy and therefore also saw it as another military, potential threat as it might ally to the more or less enemy USA. The meeting of the Council of Foreign Minister in London in December 1947 was judged to fail even before it took place as Britain and the USA would not agree on any reparations paid to Russia by Germany. However at this meeting the creation of Bizonia was decided, where Britain and the US would join to create a separate West Germany. Then half a year later in 1948, France also decided to join this pact and Trizonia emerged together with the introduction of the Deutschmark, a new currency, which was also introduced in West Berlin a few days later. This of course was a clear statement to the Soviet Union that the USA did not have any intentions to work together with the USSR. Tensions between the two superpowers increased further during the first Berlin Crisis at the Berlin Blockade in 1948. As the USSR did not like the idea of a divided Germany they put pressure on West Berlin by cutting of all road, rail and freight traffics as well as the supply of electricity. This however did not result in a hot war in the Cold War, as the USA replied with a massive airlift delivering food and fuel to West Berlin. It was ended as Stalin also called of the blockade one year later. The USA interpreted that blockade as a statement to drive the Allies out of West Berlin and take over the Western zones of Germany. Therefore in May 1949, the FDR was created. The USSR first did not want accept that division but then in October decided to agree with that division and the GDR was set up in Eastern Germany with the Soviet Control Commission supervising that area. This division of Germany demonstrated the division of whole Europe into two hostile camps. However there were also other events than in Germany at that period of time that further increased the tension between the two superpowers. Firstly Kennan’s Long Telegram where Kennan argued that the USSR was a dangerous and expansionist state due to its security fears, internal politics and leadership as well as its Marxist-Leninist views and ideology. He also said the USA would never be able or willing to co-operate with such a state and therefore this telegram influenced US foreign policy towards the USSR, such as the creation of the policy of containment. Furthermore the Iron Curtain speech by Winston Churchill supported what Kennan’s Long Telegram had already amplified. It argued for an end of compromise and arguing against Roosevelt’s idea at the Yalta Conference to co-operate with the USSR. Stalin saw Churchill as Hitler and immediately interpreted that as a call for war with the USSR. Due to that anti-Western propaganda in the Soviet Union strongly increased. Adding to that Kennan had supported the division of Germany and therefore of Europe before it was even considered at the Council of Foreign Ministers meeting in London. Meanwhile, the USSR pursued a very flexible approach in the years after the war. It might have had expansionist and opportunistic views and parts but after all the Russians were prepared to communicate and co-operate with the US side. But as time developed and tensions increased people with more extreme and harsher views came to power in these hostile camps. John Foster Dulles for example called for military and economic supports for states threatened by communism. Byrnes spent 5,700 billion dollars on stabilising economy outside the Soviet sphere in 1946. If the USSR had wanted economic support all trade barriers should have been called off and the US should have a greater say in economic issues in Eastern Europe. Next to those events that increased the tensions between the USSR and the USA or rather generally events that caused problems we also need to look at the economic crisis in Western Europe between 1946 and 1947. In America, although there was a great media campaign against the communistic Soviet Union, the majority of people were not convinced to give loans to allied countries or to increase the military budget. There was even voted for a cut of Truman’s budget, including military expenditure. However, the bad situation in Western Europe finally seemed to go into the direction of persuading them to change their opinion: Many countries in Europe had suffered horribly in terms of their economy. Furthermore there were bad harvests due to the severe winter in 1946-1947. Additionally communist parties gained more popularity especially in France and in Italy. George Marshall, the secretary of state, said that there would be needed 17 billion dollars to recover Europe’s economy. This was still not enough for the Republican Congress. Only in 1947, when Britain announced that it would not be able anymore to give economic aid to Greece and Turkey everything changed. Acheson linked economic loans to the communist struggle and persuaded people to support Truman’s policy of containment. He argued with the â€Å"rotten apple† theory and the theory of the domino effect. As a response of that the US side set up the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan. As economic aid of 300 million dollars was given to Greece and 100 million dollars to Turkey and military advisors were sent to Greece, Stalin interpreted that as an act to enlarge the US sphere of influence. Coming to the Marshall plan, the US thought it would be able to recover Europe’s economy with a revived German economy. However the agreement about that question failed at the Council of Foreign Ministers meeting in Moscow in April 1947, as the USA still refused to talk about reparations being paid to the USSR and as the USSR was uncompromising about that topic. Then as the Marshall Plan was announced on 5 June 1947 it was clear that the USSR would not accept the conditions and requirements, which the economic aid required to happen. The USA and the USSR saw the Marshall Plan as an attempt to weaken the Soviet control of the East part of Europe. Furthermore the USSR saw it as a statement of â€Å"dollar imperialism† been introduced to establish US influence in Europe. However, the US economic and political domination Europe did not benefit from the Marshall Plan. Tensions between the superpowers increased further as were was a repeated refusal of reparations paid to the USSR by Germany at talks in early June. After that talk it was decided to exclude the USSR from further discussions. Under Andrei Zhdanov the Marshall Plan was even describes as being an act of preparing to extend the US power in order to launch a new world war. In one of his speeches he even describes the world as being divided into two opposing camps, which later was famous as the â€Å"Two-Camps† Doctrine. Furthermore the establishment of Cominform marked the end of the flexible and hesitant foreign policy of the USSR compared to US actions. Finally, as the tension increased more the CIA intervened in Italian and French politics to act against communist influence. This only motivated Stalin’s determination to control Eastern Europe even more and to get rid of those agents in France and Italy. The Soviet Union replied with plans to increase the control of Eastern Europe and also to integrate their economies into the USSRs one. These measure only increased Cold War tensions even more. Now, by looking at all what happened in this time period, we can definitely say that Germany was the biggest problem at that time. The formation of Bizonia and Trizonia clearly amplified that the USA did not want to co-operate with the USSR and that the establishment of two hostile camps was necessary. Furthermore the Berlin blockade showed the same intentions for the USSR, it did not want to work with the USA. Finally he introduction of the Deutschmark symbolised a clear separation between Western Germany/USA and Eastern Europe/USSR. Finally we need to look at the time period between 1954 and 1961 to judge whether Berlin or rather Germany was the biggest problem in the years between 1945 and 1961. After Stalin’s death in 1953 Khrushchev came to power in the USSR. This year marked a development towards better relationships as now Stalin was dead and therefore the extremist views about the US seemed to rest for a certain period of time. The new leader of the Soviet Union seemed to be keen about compromising with the West, as he was less paranoid than Stalin. For Khrushchev Berlin was an embarrassing problem and he wanted to find a solution for that problem. He tried to create better relationships also to avoid a nuclear war. However, as we look at the years between 1958 and 1961 and therefore and the second Berlin crisis we can see that there were also moments of disagreements and argument as there before already. The second Berlin crisis emerged as Khrushchev set up the first Berlin Ultimatum. This meant that the West had to sign a formal peace with Germany and agree that West Berlin should become demilitarised as well as an international area. If that would not be signed there would be a separate peace signed with the GDR handing over the control of the access routes into West Berlin. These moves were firstly done to prevent West Berlin from becoming a nuclear power but also to impress Chinese communist leaders and his own people. Although Khrushchev gave them a time limit of sixth months to sign the Ultimatum neither the act of signing happened nor was a peace signed the GDR. By 1959 however, 200,000 people were moving from East Berlin to West Berlin each year badly affecting the East Berlin economy. Ulbricht wanted to unify Berlin, as he did not want any West be present in East Germany, whereas Khrushchev wanted divisions to occur between the two areas. After the Vienna Summit, Khrushchev gave his OK for Ulbricht the building of a physical Berlin division and set another six months deadline for the West to sign a peace pact. However, as by August 1961 there were 20,00 0 refugees moving to West Berlin Khrushchev approved the Berlin border to be secured between 3 and 5 August. At first a barbed wire was set up and by 13 August the building of a wall was completed. The Berlin Wall remained as Cold War image until the pull down in November 1989 when the Cold War moved away from Germany, Europe. The wall however also solved any problems that had ever existed between West and East Berlin although the US made a shell force in West Berlin after its set up. This and the famous â€Å"face-off† between Russian and American tanks at Checkpoint Charlie finally increased tensions. However, by 1963 the Berlin Crisis was pretty much over. Another incident, where the tensions rose again and relationships became worse was at the Paris Summit and the U-2 incident. At that time West Berlin did not want to make any further concessions of East Berlin. On 1 May 1960 a USSR missile brought down a U-2 spy plane of the USA flying over the USSR. Eisenhower was hugely embarrassed for that but thought he did not apologise for this. As a reaction Khrushchev cancelled Eisenhower’s visit in the USSR and the Paris Summit failed. Additionally the Soviets proposed a confederation between the two German states leaving alliances to the NATO and the Warsaw Pact. West saw that as first moves to wards a unification and German disarmament. This however was resisted due to West Berlin as an espionage base behind the Iron Curtain. This stalemate continued until the free elections in the GDR. However, a first moment of agreement about a certain issue was when the US decided to accept the idea of a neutral Austria and a reduction of direct American influence over Austria. Although Khrushchev followed the theory of â€Å"Peaceful Coexistence† he thought there still could be an international transition to socialism. This was also amplified by his foreign policy, which was established in 1956. It said that in the new nuclear age, peaceful coexistence was possible and necessary. First steps towards that was the establishment of the Warsaw Pact in 1955, which was also a response to Western Germany becoming member of the NATO. The Warsaw Pact was a military alliance between the Soviet Union and all East European countries allied to the USSR, involving East Germany. However, there was one clause in the Pact that said if there was a general European treaty of collective security signed, the Pact should be dissolved. This clearly marked the beginning of better relationships. A second moment of representing and developing friendship between those countries was the Geneva Summit in July 1955. Nuclear weapons and Germany were the main issues that were discussed. The fact that discussions were taking place showed an improvement to the relationship between Stalin and Truman. Although there were made agreements on the need for less confrontation and more co-operations, as well as for a stop of testing nuclear weapons, there was still a disagreement about disarmament, European security and control of nuclear weapons. The idea of a united Germany was also rejected. Eisenhower’s â€Å"Open Skies† proposal was therefore rejected by Khrushchev but U-2 spy planes carried on doing their spy flights anyway. Another moment of friendship and peace was, when Eisenhower invited Khrushchev to Camp David, where he also agreed to withdraw his Ultimatum although the US did not make any concessions. Further discussions should take place at the Paris Summit in May 1960. As a final conclusion, you can definitely say that Germany and especially Berlin was a major factor for the development of the Cold War. The issue if West Berlin being inside the heart of East Germany had always caused huge trouble such as the Berlin Blockade as well as the second Berlin crisis. If a divided Germany had not existed there would not have been that many problems. For example the first Berlin crisis, where Stalin ordered to completely cut off West Berlin from any supplies of the East and the Western part of Germany, nearly a hot war broke out. Furthermore a divided Germany had always represented a divided world at that time. At one side there was communism whereas on the other side there was capitalism.

The Handmaid s Tale Intimidation Through Power And...

The Handmaid’s Tale: Intimidation through power and superiority In Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, the Handmaids are controlled through the use of force or intimidation. Many of those tactics include: training the Handmaids to conform, ceremonies of rape, and threats of death. These practices instill uncertainty in the Handmaids and create fear. They are trained to accommodate for others because they are merely only â€Å"two-legged wombs, that’s all: sacred vessels, ambulatory chalices† (Thomas 92). The Ceremony is their chance to prove their worth, because only the women who can bear a child are of worth. The women who are not of worth, well, they are sent to work in a toxic wasteland until they die. The Handmaids are aware of what†¦show more content†¦Offred, since she was Luke’s second marriage, is chosen to be a Handmaid when they are captured from trying to escape. Her daughter is given to another family and Luke’s destiny is a mystery, but Offred is sent to the Red Center. The Red C enter is the place where the Aunts train the new Handmaids on proper etiquette. The whole idea of the Red Center is to â€Å"shape thought† (Thomas 92). During the Testifying, Janine talks about her experience of being gang-raped when she was fourteen. Aunt Helena then responds with the simple yet contradictory question of â€Å"But whose fault was it?† (Atwood 72). The women are taught to believe that it is never a man’s fault for something awful happening â€Å"because in biblical times they are considered as transgressors† (Mouda 3). The older women, the Aunts, have even changed their way of thinking to conform to the new standards. The Handmaids answer Aunt Helena’s question with â€Å"Her fault, her fault, her fault† chanting in unison (Atwood 72). Offred realizes that becoming a Handmaid is better than death, but is it really? While at the Red Center, they are instructed on what exactly it means to be a Handmaid and what their purpose is. They are to bear children, nothing else. They â€Å"are made to believe that they are unholy and unclean if they don’t serve the purpose of their creation† (Mouda 3). Keeping to themselves is new for the Handmaids so after lights out many stay up and whisper advice and information about